Menopause is something roughly half the population will go through, yet many women reach it with only a vague idea of what to expect. This page covers the basics in plain English. It is general information, not medical advice, so please talk to your doctor about your own situation.
What menopause is
The National Institutes of Health defines menopause as the point at which a woman has not had a period for 12 consecutive months. In other words, menopause is confirmed looking back: it is the moment a full year without periods has passed. The time before that, when hormones are shifting and periods often become irregular, is commonly called perimenopause. The years afterward are often called postmenopause.
When it happens
Sources give slightly different figures. The NIH says the average age of menopause is 51, and that it usually occurs between ages 45 and 55. Womenshealth.gov gives an average age of 52 in the United States, with a usual range of 45 to 58. Either way, there is a wide normal range, and your experience may not match a friend's or your mother's.
Common symptoms
The NIH lists symptoms of menopause that include:
- Irregular periods
- Hot flashes
- Sleep problems
- Mood changes
- Vaginal dryness
- Urine leakage
- Changes in sex drive
Some women have few symptoms; others have many. Symptoms can also overlap with other health conditions, which is one reason not to self-diagnose. Read more in our article on how many symptoms of menopause there are.
Looking after yourself
- Track what you notice. A symptom diary makes appointments more productive.
- Protect your sleep. See Sleep in Midlife.
- Keep moving. The NIH notes that weight-bearing exercise helps bones and that a mix of exercise types is best. Try Strength Training and Bone Health.
- Stay cool. San Antonio summers average highs of 95°F in July and August; our heat guide has general tips.
Treatment is a conversation
There are a range of options for managing symptoms, from lifestyle changes to prescription treatments such as hormone therapy. Which, if any, suits you depends on your health history, so these are decisions to make with your doctor. Our guide to talking to your doctor about menopause can help you prepare.
A word on products
Many products claim to ease menopause. The FDA does not approve dietary supplements before they are marketed, so be cautious and ask a pharmacist before taking anything. See Buying Wisely.